{"id":2351,"date":"2026-08-12T03:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnbygele.com\/blog\/apf-redundancy-bypass-switching-planning\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T17:23:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T09:23:57","slug":"apf-redundancy-bypass-switching-planning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnbygele.com\/vi\/blog\/apf-redundancy-bypass-switching-planning\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a APF"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u201cRedundant APF\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un song song, b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ly, tham chi\u1ebfu CT v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\"Lu\u1ed3ng<\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

Ghi r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc: ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, bus ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c PCC. Sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un song song chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea3i, b\u1ecf qua gi\u1eef t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ly, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ebd c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i APF, tham chi\u1ebfu CT, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u00e1ch ly m\u00f4-\u0111un, b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn TCI v\u00e0 Delta cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a CT, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ghi ch\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a MTE c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecf qua t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/th>\nB\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/th>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nt\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00f4-\u0111un, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i CT, ph\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p<\/td>\nt\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1ch ly m\u00f4-\u0111un<\/td>\nthi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edf\/\u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/td>\n\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ecf qua b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/td>\ntr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\nb\u1ecf qua kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ch\u01b0a xem x\u00e9t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \/ kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c<\/td>\nchu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\nranh gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean n\u00eau r\u00f5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea3i, module n\u00e0o b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Delta m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p theo m\u00f4-\u0111un v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CT cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh CNBYG c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\"Quy<\/figure>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4-\u0111un.<\/li>\n
  2. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n
  3. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed CT, h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 logic chia s\u1ebb.<\/li>\n
  4. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ly, kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
  5. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
  6. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 khi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\u0110\u1ec1<\/figure>\n

    Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb APF c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/h2>\n

    The D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m AHF\/APF c\u1ee7a CNBYG<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng khai c\u1ee7a CNBYG kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea5p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3ng, dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng N+1, th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CNBYG cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/a>, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb APF song song v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed CT<\/a> v\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 wiring c\u1ee7a CT<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n